Notes


  • The study collected 60 subjects data that includes 30 people from the sun adaptation-control group and 30 people from the moon adaptation-control group. (section 2 includes all subjects’ data)
  • Based on the filtering criteria of weibull function (section 3), 4 subjects’ data were deleted from the moon group (26 left), 6 subjects’ data were deleted from the sun group (24 left).
  • The lateral version study has currently collected 5 subjects’ data.


2. All Subjects’ Data


2.1 ACC & RT


2.1.1 Moon&Sun

The change of performance over actual proportion of movement in the sun direction for all subjects

The change of performance over actual proportion of movement in the sun direction for all subjects

    1. The reported rate of the sun group. The sun adaptation condition had an overall higher reported proportion than the control condition (supports opposite aftereffects). At the proportion level, adaptation condition in 30%, 40%, and 50% proportions showed higher reported proportions than corresponding control conditions (supports opposite aftereffects). The adaptation condition in 20% proportion showed marginally higher reported proportion than the control condition (supports opposite aftereffects). Additionally, reported proportion increased with the actual proportion (does not support any hypothesis) and the experimental condition had a significant interaction with the actual proportion (does not support any hypothesis, but indicates different between condition performance in different actual proportions).
    1. The reaction time of the sun group. The reaction time increased with actual proportion getting closer to 50% proportion (does not support any hypothesis).
    1. The reported rate of the moon group. The moon adaptation had an overall marginally lower reported proportion than the control condition (supports the opposite aftereffects). At the proportion level, adaptation condition in 50% and 70% proportions showed lower reported proportions than corresponding control conditions (supports opposite aftereffects).
    1. The reaction time of the moon group. The reaction time increased with actual proportion getting closer to 50% proportion (does not support any hypothesis).


2.1.2 Combined

The change of performance over actual proportion of movement in the sun direction for all subjects

The change of performance over actual proportion of movement in the sun direction for all subjects

2.2 First 1 – 9 seconds


2.2.1 Reported Proportion

The reported proportion of the first 1 – 9 seconds

The reported proportion of the first 1 – 9 seconds

    1. The sun group. Adaptation toward the sun direction increased perceived proportion of movement in the sun direction (supports opposite aftereffects).
    1. The moon group. Adaptation toward the moon direction decreased perceived proportion of movement in the sun direction, i.e., increased perceived proportion of movement in the moon direction (supports opposite aftereffects).


2.2.2 Reaction Time

The reaction time of the first 1 – 9 seconds (sun)

The reaction time of the first 1 – 9 seconds (sun)


2.3 Last 1 – 9 seconds


2.3.1 Reported Proportion

The reported proportion of the last 1 – 9 seconds

The reported proportion of the last 1 – 9 seconds

    1. The sun group. Adaptation toward the sun direction increased perceived proportion of movement in the sun direction (supports opposite aftereffects).
    1. The moon group. Adaptation toward the moon direction decreased perceived proportion of movement in the sun direction, i.e., increased perceived proportion of movement in the moon direction (supports opposite aftereffects).


2.3.2 Reaction Time

The reaction time of the last 1 – 9 seconds (sun)

The reaction time of the last 1 – 9 seconds (sun)


2.4 One minute trials


2.4.1 Sun Adaptation - Control

Reported proportion and reaction time for 1 min trials

Reported proportion and reaction time for 1 min trials


2.4.2 Moon Adaptation - Control

Reported proportion and reaction time for 1 min trials

Reported proportion and reaction time for 1 min trials


3. Weibull Analysis


3.1 All data


sun

All sun data plotted based on MLE

All sun data plotted based on MLE


control sun

All control sun group data plotted based on MLE

All control sun group data plotted based on MLE


moon

All moon data plotted based on MLE

All moon data plotted based on MLE


control moon

All moon group data plotted based on MLE

All moon group data plotted based on MLE


3.2 Filtered individual data


sun filtered

corrected sun data plotted based on MLE

corrected sun data plotted based on MLE

6 out of 30 data were deleted.


control sun filtered

corrected control sun group data plotted based on MLE

corrected control sun group data plotted based on MLE

6 out of 30 data were deleted.


moon filtered

corrected moon data plotted based on MLE

corrected moon data plotted based on MLE

4 out of 30 data were deleted


control moon filtered

corrected control moon group data plotted based on MLE

corrected control moon group data plotted based on MLE

4 out of 30 data were deleted and this one subject was also included in the moon deleted group.


3.3 Paired data


3.3.1 Sun-Control

24 pairs

Sun-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

Sun-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

  • Alpha: Sun vs. Control Sun: t = 1.097, df = 23, p-value = 0.2842.

  • Beta: Sun vs. Control Sun: t = 2.746, df = 23, p-value = 0.0115. control sun beta = 4.57. sun beta = 3.20.


3.3.2 Moon-Control

26 pairs

Moon-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

Moon-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

  • Alpha: Moon vs. Control Moon: t = -1.535, df = 25, p-value = 0.1374.

  • Beta: Moon vs. Control Moon: t = 1.618, df = 25, p-value = 0.1181.


3.4 Adaptation Control

Combined moon and sun condition as the heading adaptation condition. Combined moon control and sun control condition as the control condition. There are 50 pairs in total.

Adaptation-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

Adaptation-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

  • adapted alpha vs. control alpha: t = 1.397, df = 49, p-value = 0.1688.

  • adapted beta vs. control beta: t = 3.416, df = 49, p-value = 0.0013. adapted beta = 3.39. control beta = 4.57.


4. Filtered Data


4.1 Moon&Sun

Adaptation-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

Adaptation-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

4.2 Combined

Adaptation-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

Adaptation-Control paired data plotted based on MLE


5 Lateral version

  • 22 subjects’ data were collected. 2 subjects were excluded: 1 subject misunderstood the instruction, 1 subject pressed the reverse button. 20 subjects’ data were used for data analysis.

5.2 all data

Adaptation-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

Adaptation-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

N = 20

Condition: F(1,19) =0.64, p=0.43 Percentage: F(6,114)=147.16, p<0.001 Interaction: F(6,114)=2.64, p = 0.06 20%: p = 0.096 40%: p = 0.030

5.3 Weibull analysis

5.3.1 Adaptation individual data

Adaptation individual data plotted based on MLE

Adaptation individual data plotted based on MLE

5.3.2 Control individual data

Control inidividual data plotted based on MLE

Control inidividual data plotted based on MLE

5.3.3 Paired data

20 pairs
Adaptation-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

Adaptation-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

  • Alpha: Sun vs. Control Sun: t = 0.91, df = 19, p-value = 0.375.
  • Beta: Sun vs. Control Sun: t = -0.935, df = 19, p-value = 0.361.

5.4 Filtered Data


5.4.1 Combined

  • 1 subject’s data (betas) did not 2SD criteria.
Adaptation-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

Adaptation-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

N = 19

Condition: F(1,18) =0.04, p=0.84 Percentage: F(6,108)=139.68, p<0.001 Interaction: F(6,108)=2.07, p = 0.11

5.4.2 Adaptation individual data

Adaptation individual data plotted based on MLE

Adaptation individual data plotted based on MLE

5.3.2 Control individual data

Control inidividual data plotted based on MLE

Control inidividual data plotted based on MLE

5.3.3 Paired data

20 pairs
Adaptation-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

Adaptation-Control paired data plotted based on MLE

  • Alpha: Sun vs. Control Sun: t = 1.07, df = 18, p-value = 0.298.
  • Beta: Sun vs. Control Sun: t = -0.396, df = 18, p-value = 0.697.


6. fMRI

6.1 Design

experimental flow

experimental flow

6.2 Parameters

  • Siemens Prisma 3T scanner with a 32-channel head coil
  • TR = 1s (need to be confirmed after collinearity check)
  • BOLD activity will be measured using single-shot, T2*-weighted echo-planer imaging
  • Acquisition will be whole-brain, with a voxel size of 2 mm3 (TR 1s; flip angle 80°; FOV 192 x 192 mm)
  • Behavioral responses will be made with an MR-compatible button box.

6.3 Colinearity Analysis

single voxel

1000 voxels (active vs. inactive)

Estimates

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